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Countless districts, states, and even entire countries have announced and tried to implement such bans. After a few semesters with these policies, researchers have had sufficient time to study their effects. And results from those studies are starting to roll in. Most recently, researcher Sara Abrahamson surveyed Norwegian schools to determine if and when they. Implemented a phone ban and linked that to Norwegian Registry data, which includes “information on each. Individual’s educational institution, health care take-up at specialist care, including psychologists, and general practitioners (GPs), middle-school grades set by students’ teachers and externally corrected exams, student’s overall GPA, and individuals’ choices of academic or vocational high schools.”

Schools implemented restrictions at different

Times, and Abrahamsson demonstrates Croatia Phone Number List that the implementation of smartphone bans was uncorrelated with either school characteristics such as teacher gender ratios or prior achievement, and uncorrelated with prior trends such as declining mental health or GPAs. These factors allowed for a quasi-experimental design, analyzing 477 middle schools between 2010 and 2018. From this analysis, she comes to five conclusions: Banning smartphones reduces the number of consultations for psychological symptoms by about 2–3 visits per child, per year. Banning smartphones lowers the incidence of bullying for both girls and boys. Banning smartphones results in girls making gains in both their GPA and externally graded mathematics exams, on the order of 0.22 standard deviations.

For comparison

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Abrahamsson notes that reducing class China Phone Number List size by one student correlates to an improvement of about 0.00–0.05 standard deviations. These benefits are particularly strong for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The effects are particularly strong at schools with the strictest bans, requiring students to hand in or lock away their phones, not just place them on silent mode. Abrahamsson notes that, even on silent mode, phones can still pull at a student’s attention, distracting them as they wonder if someone messaged them, liked their status, or whatever else. This study comes as researchers debate the broader effects of social media on teenagers. In previous years, it’s become more and more evident that social media is, in fact, a major cause of declining adolescent mental health. Even so, there’s still much debate over how significant of a driver they are and what’s to be done about them.

The Nobel Committee has awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Katalin Karikó. And Drew Weissman for their pioneering work in the development of mRNA vaccine technology. Which made possible a timely vaccine response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are credited with helping to curb the spread of the pandemic and with saving between 14.4 million and 19.8 million lives in just the first year of their use; mRNA vaccines played a major role in that accomplishment. For decades, scientists from around the world pursued the use of mRNA (messenger RNA) in medicine.

What is mRNA

Messenger RNA is a single strand of genetic Phone Number List code that the cell uses as instructions to make proteins. These mRNA molecules are native to cells and are key parts of everyday cellular functions: They are the messengers that carry transcribed DNA sequences out of the protected nucleus and into the cell cytoplasm, where they can be translated into proteins by the organelles called ribosomes. A ribosome reads the strand, translating groupings of genetic letters into sequences of amino acids. The long string of amino acids that results then folds into the appropriate protein.

How do mRNA Covid-19 vaccines work

Scientists have learned to write mRNA CW Leads code to form novel proteins — including proteins. That can help cells recognize viruses they’ve never seen. The mRNA technology developed by the Nobel Prize winners borrows the cells’ protein-making machinery. Inducing cells to produce viral proteins that prime the immune system to recognize. A given virus if they encounter it later. When smuggled into cells inside lipid nanoparticle capsules. The mRNA elements deliver the recipe for making the SARS-CoV-2 “spike” protein, which is found on the outside surface of the virus.